En el contexto actual del sistema educativo chileno, la Ley Indígena (N° 19.253) y los programas de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (PEIB) han cobrado una relevancia sin precedentes. Para los estudiantes de 5º año de Educación Primaria, el aprendizaje del Mapudungun no es solo un ejercicio lingüístico; es un puente hacia la comprensión de la cosmovisión mapuche, la historia territorial y el respeto por la diversidad cultural.
Sin embargo, uno de los mayores desafíos que enfrentan los docentes es la falta de material fotocopiable de calidad que esté alineado con los estándares curriculares del proyecto SM (Saber Hacer / Proyecto Saber) . Este artículo ofrece una guía exhaustiva sobre cómo conseguir, adaptar y utilizar material fotocopiable de Mapudungun para 5º de Primaria, basado en la metodología SM.
La realidad es que la mayoría del material fotocopiable de calidad es creado por docentes. Sugerencia:
Title: Wajontu Mapudungun (Let’s Learn Mapudungun) – Photocopiable Reinforcement and Extension Worksheets for 5th Grade
General Description:
This set of photocopiable resources is designed to complement the SM curriculum for 5th grade of Primary Education, integrating Mapudungun as a living language within intercultural bilingual education. The material respects the oral tradition of the Mapuche people while offering accessible, written activities adapted to the cognitive and linguistic development of 9- to 10-year-old students.
Pedagogical Objectives:
Contents (by unit, photocopiable format):
The Family – Miñche mapu mu
Numbers 1 to 20 – Wirintukun
Animals of the Land and Sky – Ngen kujifi
Mapuche Worldview – Küme Mogen
Format and Use:
Cultural and Linguistic Recommendations for Teachers:
"Mapudungun is primarily an oral language. Use these photocopiable sheets as a visual support, but always accompany them with listening and speaking activities. Invite a Mapuche Kimche (wise person) or a family member from the community to pronounce the words if possible."
Available from SM Chile / SM Global Resources
In Chile, the SM Educación Primaria series for the 5th Básico
level (5th grade) includes photocopiable resources specifically designed for the Lengua y Cultura de los Pueblos Originarios Ancestrales
(Indigenous Peoples' Language and Culture) subject, with a focus on Mapudungun . These materials are part of the broader
project and are aligned with the Ministry of Education (MINEDUC) curriculum for Intercultural Bilingüe education. Core Components of SM 5 Materials The photocopiable material, often found in the Guía Didáctica del Docente
(Teacher's Guide), focuses on two main pillars: language acquisition and cultural immersion. Savia – Educación básica - Educación SM
For 5th-grade primary education (5º Básico) in Chile, SM provides specific resources through their digital ecosystem, Conecta SM, which include physical and digital materials aligned with the national curriculum for Mapudungun. Key SM Photocopiable Features for Mapudungun
These resources typically function as reinforcement and evaluation tools for the "Indigenous Peoples' Language and Culture" subject. Common elements include:
Vocabulary Sheets: Matching exercises for essential terms like ruka (house), kütral (fuego), and lamngen (friend/sibling).
Reading & Writing Tasks: Prompts to write short letters or stories in Mapudungun, often focused on daily life in a ruka. sm 5 educacion primaria material fotocopiable mapudungun
Evaluation Materials: Structured exams that test comprehension of both the language and the cultural significance of terms like mañum (gracias). Official Curriculum & Alternative Resources
Since SM materials are often restricted to schools using their platform, you can supplement them with these high-quality, open-access alternatives:
MINEDUC Programs: The official Mapuzugun 5º Básico Program provides the pedagogical framework and suggested activities for oral communication and cultural interaction.
Kimeltuwe Project: An excellent visual resource that offers educational sheets and videos designed by Mapuche educators to teach vocabulary through illustrations.
Twinkl Chile: Offers a Mapuche Resource Pack specifically for primary grades, covering traditions, customs, and ancestral legacy.
Curriculum Nacional: Provides downloadable summaries and exercises for Level 5 Mapudungun, focusing on family, animals, and food. Core Vocabulary for 5º Básico
Based on standard curriculum materials, students at this level typically study: Sm 5 Educacion Primaria Material Fotocopiable Mapudungun
Columna A (Mapudungun): ruka, ñam, lamngen, kütral, fütaw, kuyfi, zugun, müley, ka, inche Columna B (Español): 1. fuego 2. casa 3. 100.30.227.20 Material educativo del pueblo Mapuche - Pack de recursos
Para el nivel de 5° básico (Educación Primaria) , la Editorial SM ofrece diversos recursos educativos en Chile, aunque el material específico de Mapudungun suele estar integrado en programas de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB)
o como apoyo complementario. Actualmente, la asignatura oficial en Chile se denomina Lengua y Cultura de los Pueblos Originarios Ancestrales
A continuación, se detallan las opciones y recursos disponibles para este nivel: Recursos de Editorial SM para 5° Básico
SM proporciona un entorno digital y materiales físicos enfocados en el currículum nacional chileno: Plataforma Conecta SM
: Incluye guías docentes y material fotocopiable para asignaturas troncales, que pueden adaptarse para incluir contenidos interculturales. Catálogo General
: Ofrecen planes lectores y textos escolares que abordan la cultura indígena de manera transversal. Contacto Directo
: Para obtener materiales específicos de lengua indígena (si están disponibles en su catálogo privado para colegios), se puede contactar a educacion.cl@grupo-sm.com
o visitar su sala de ventas en Av. Providencia 2594, Santiago. educacionsm.cl Material Complementario y Fotocopiable de Mapudungun
Debido a que el material de SM puede ser restringido para usuarios registrados, existen recursos institucionales de libre descarga (PDF) que cumplen la función de material fotocopiable para 5° básico: Cuaderno de Lectoescritura en Idioma Mapuche (CONADI)
: Ejercicios de caligrafía, identificación de vocabulario (familia, animales, naturaleza) y uso del Grafemario Azümchefe. : Diseñado específicamente para ser fotocopiable
y utilizado por educadores tradicionales en educación básica. : Disponible en el Portal de CONADI Programa de Estudio Mapuzugun 5° Básico (Mineduc)
: Habilidades de comunicación oral, interacción y conocimiento de la cosmovisión.
: Incluye sugerencias de actividades que los docentes pueden convertir en fichas de trabajo. : Se puede descargar desde el Currículum Nacional Guías Pedagógicas del Sector Lengua Indígena Descripción
: Orientaciones para organizar la enseñanza y fichas de recursos didácticos para el aula. Biblioteca Digital Mineduc Vocabulario Básico para Fichas de Trabajo
Si estás creando tu propio material fotocopiable, puedes incluir estos conceptos clave: Material educativo - Educación SM En el contexto actual del sistema educativo chileno,
Finding reliable resources for the Lengua y Cultura de los Pueblos Originarios Ancestrales subject can be a challenge for educators. This blog post explores how to utilize SM 5 Educación Primaria materials alongside other vital resources to teach Mapudungun effectively in the classroom.
Mastering Mapudungun in 5th Grade: A Guide to SM 5 Resources
Integrating indigenous languages into the curriculum is a powerful way to foster interculturality. For 5th-grade teachers in Chile, the SM 5 Educación Primaria series offers a structured approach to language learning. However, many teachers look for material fotocopiable (photocopiable material) to reinforce these lessons through hands-on activities. 1. Official Curriculum and Study Programs
Before diving into worksheets, it is essential to align your lessons with the official Programa de Estudio MAPUCHE 5° básico provided by the Chilean Ministry of Education. This program sets the standard for learning objectives (OA 09), focusing on valuing indigenous languages and intercultural dialogue. 2. Key Educational Resources and Photocopiables
While SM provides excellent textbooks, supplementary materials often provide the variety needed for a diverse classroom:
CONADI Cuaderno de Lectoescritura: This is a premier resource for photocopiable writing exercises. It includes the 28-letter alphabet and tracing activities for students to practice the Azümchefe graphemary.
Twinkl Chile: Offers a Mapudungún-Spanish vocabulary pack and information sheets on the Mapuche people that are ideal for printing and classroom distribution.
Kimeltuwe: A visual educational project that provides high-quality graphics and illustrated vocabulary sheets on social media, perfect for decorating the classroom or as visual prompts for oral activities. 3. Core Vocabulary for 5th Grade
Students should begin with foundational words that connect them to the culture. You can use photocopiable cards to teach: Programa de Estudio MAPUCHE 5° básico
Programa de Estudio MAPUCHE 5° básico. Descargas; Clasificaciones; Licenciamiento. Programa de Estudio MAPUCHE 5° básico3271.5kb ; Currículum Nacional
Los materiales fotocopiables de SM para 5.º de Primaria enfocados en Mapudungún se integran generalmente dentro de programas de educación intercultural y el área de Lengua. Estos recursos están diseñados para que los estudiantes de quinto básico desarrollen habilidades comunicativas, gramaticales y de comprensión cultural sobre el pueblo Mapuche. Tipos de Material Fotocopiable SM
Dentro de las series de SM, como Savia o Hacer, el material fotocopiable suele dividirse en categorías para facilitar la labor docente:
Fichas de Refuerzo: Ejercicios prácticos para consolidar el vocabulario básico y estructuras gramaticales en Mapudungún.
Fichas de Ampliación: Contenidos más complejos sobre la cosmovisión y el kimün (conocimiento) mapuche para estudiantes avanzados.
Evaluaciones y Repaso: Pruebas listas para imprimir que miden el progreso en la asignatura de Lengua y Cultura de los Pueblos Originarios. Contenidos Clave para 5.º Básico
De acuerdo con los programas de estudio actuales, el material para este nivel suele cubrir:
Gramática y Verbos: Aplicación de verbos regulares, pronombres personales y posesivos en contextos de afirmación y negación.
Toponimia y Antroponimia: Escritura de nombres de lugares y personas en Mapudungún, analizando su significado original.
Cultura y Valores: Enseñanza de conceptos como el chekonün ta che (adquisición de discernimiento) y el respeto entre compañeros (günenka mekenoal).
Vocabulario Cotidiano: Términos para la familia (como chuchu para abuela materna o wenuy para amigo) y saludos tradicionales como Mari mari. Dónde Encontrar Materiales Complementarios
Si no tienes acceso directo al portal de clientes de Educación SM Chile, puedes recurrir a estas fuentes oficiales y gratuitas que ofrecen guías similares: Kimeltuwe: Materiales educativos en Mapudungún
Los estudiantes aprenden a nombrar objetos del aula en mapudungun:
Mapudungun, the language of the Mapuche people, is spoken by tens of thousands of people in the Araucanía, Los Ríos, and Los Lagos regions, as well as in urban centers like Santiago. While Chile’s educational system is predominantly Spanish-speaking, Law 19.253 (Indigenous Law) and the Plan de Estudio de Lengua Indígena encourage the inclusion of indigenous languages in schools with high Mapuche populations. Contents (by unit, photocopiable format):
Fifth grade (9-10 years old) is a critical learning stage. Students are capable of abstract thinking and comparative language analysis. Introducing Mapudungun at this level—through SM’s structured methodology—helps:
“Useful for introducing Mapudungun vocabulary in a mainstream classroom, but you’ll need a native speaker or audio to teach pronunciation. The worksheets are clear, but the activities are repetitive. Good for Día de los Pueblos Originarios, not for fluency.”
Title: Bridges to Ancestral Knowledge: An Analysis of SM 5 Primary Education Photocopiable Material for Mapudungun
Introduction In the context of contemporary Chilean education, the integration of indigenous languages into the national curriculum represents a significant shift toward interculturality and the recognition of historical debts. Among the resources developed to support this pedagogical transition, the "SM 5 Educación Primaria Material Fotocopiable: Mapudungun" stands out as a practical tool for educators. This resource is designed to support the "Sector de Aprendizaje" (Learning Sector) corresponding to the Mapuche language, specifically tailored for 5th-grade primary students. This essay explores the structural, methodological, and cultural dimensions of this material, arguing that while it serves as a vital bridge for language acquisition, its true value is realized only when accompanied by a situated pedagogical approach that respects the oral tradition and cosmovision of the Mapuche people.
The Curricular Context and Methodological Design The "SM 5" material is anchored in the curricular framework established by the Chilean Ministry of Education (MINEDUC), specifically within the subject of "Lengua Indígena" (Indigenous Language). For 5th grade, students are typically transitioning from basic observation to more complex linguistic production. The designation "Material Fotocopiable" (Photocopiable Material) suggests a pedagogy of accessibility and immediate application. These resources usually include flashcards, vocabulary exercises, matching activities, and basic sentence structure drills.
Methodologically, the material is designed to transition the student from the role of a passive observer to an active participant. In earlier grades, the focus is often on listening and recognizing sounds; by 5th grade, as suggested by the SM scope, the focus shifts toward reading comprehension and written production. The activities typically guide students through the identification of everyday objects, family members, and elements of nature—core themes in the Mapuche world view. The "photocopiable" nature allows for differentiation; teachers can adapt the sheets for individual work, group projects, or homework, facilitating a flexible learning environment that is essential for language immersion.
Lexical Content and the Cosmovision A critical analysis of the content within the SM 5 material reveals an effort to move beyond mere translation. Language is inseparable from culture, and effective Mapudungun teaching materials must reflect the Kimün (knowledge) and Az Mapu (norms/spatiality) of the Mapuche people. The vocabulary presented in these worksheets often centers on themes such as the Lof (community), the Ruka (house), and the Püllü (spirit).
For instance, when teaching words for nature, the material ideally does not treat a tree (Mawida or specific species) as a mere biological entity, but rather introduces the student to the concept of nature as a living subject. However, the limitation of printed material is the potential decontextualization of these terms. A worksheet might ask a student to "match the word Küla (fire) with the image." While effective for vocabulary retention, the printed word cannot fully capture the spiritual significance of fire (Kütral) as a connector between the earthly and the divine. Therefore, the SM material functions best as a scaffolding tool—a visual and textual anchor—rather than the complete source of knowledge.
The Challenge of Orthography and Oral Tradition One of the most complex aspects of teaching Mapudungun in a classroom setting is the tension between the oral tradition and written standardization. Mapudungun is historically an oral language; its writing systems (Grafemario) have been standardized relatively recently (most notably the Grafemario Ragileo and the Unified Alphabet). The SM 5 material must navigate this carefully.
The resource provides a written stability that helps young students visualize the sounds. However, there is an inherent risk: the fossilization of errors or the presentation of a dialect that may not align with the local Kimche (wise elder) of the specific territory. The material must be viewed as a generic support system. In the classroom, the pronunciation guides on the worksheets are insufficient without the accompaniment of audio recordings or, ideally, a Educador/a Tradicional (Traditional Educator). The "photocopiable" aspect handles the mechanics of literacy, but it cannot teach the Ngütram (conversation) or the melodic intonation inherent to the language.
Pedagogical Implications for the Teacher For the generalist primary teacher, the SM 5 photocopiable material is an invaluable support mechanism. Many teachers feel apprehensive about teaching an indigenous language due to a lack of proficiency. This material provides a structured roadmap: it tells the teacher what to teach, when to teach it, and how to assess it. It reduces the cognitive load of lesson planning, allowing the educator to focus on facilitation.
However, the teacher must act as a cultural mediator. Simply handing out the worksheets transforms the learning process into a mechanical, colonial-style exercise. To be effective, the teacher must use the material to spark dialogue. For example, a worksheet on the Plaw (Mapuche food/bread) should be the pretext for a hands-on activity or a storytelling session, not just a fill-in-the-blank exercise. The material is the map, but the teacher is the guide.
Conclusion The "SM 5 Educación Primaria Material Fotocopiable: Mapudungun" represents a positive step in the institutionalization of intercultural bilingual education. It democratizes access to the language by providing structured, age-appropriate content that respects the cognitive development of 5th-grade students. It bridges the gap between abstract oral traditions and the written requirements of the modern school system.
Nevertheless, the efficacy of this material is contingent upon its usage. If used in isolation, it risks reducing a living culture to paper exercises. If used as a complementary tool alongside Traditional Educators, oral practice, and community engagement, it becomes a powerful instrument for revitalization. Ultimately, these photocopies are not just paper; they are invitations for a new generation to engage with the Mapudungun—the language of the earth—fostering a more inclusive and culturally rich educational landscape.
Ediciones SM no suele publicar un libro de texto específico de Mapudungun para 5.º básico, ya que esta asignatura es gestionada principalmente por el Ministerio de Educación (Mineduc) a través de los Programas de Interculturalidad. Sin embargo, puedes encontrar material fotocopiable relacionado con la cultura y lengua mapuche dentro de las Guías Didácticas del Docente (GDD) de SM para otras materias como Lenguaje o Historia. Recursos de Ediciones SM para 5.º Básico
En las Guías Didácticas de SM, el material fotocopiable se encuentra generalmente en las secciones de actividades complementarias o de refuerzo:
Lenguaje y Comunicación 5.º Básico (GDD): Incluye fichas fotocopiables con textos literarios y no literarios que a menudo incorporan leyendas o vocabulario mapuche para trabajar la comprensión lectora.
Historia, Geografía y Ciencias Sociales 5.º Básico (GDD): Contiene guías fotocopiables sobre la cosmovisión y organización del pueblo mapuche, útiles para integrar contenidos culturales.
Plataforma SM Conecta: Si eres docente, puedes acceder a recursos digitales adicionales y generadores de pruebas que incluyen contenido sobre pueblos originarios en el sitio oficial de Ediciones SM Chile. Material Oficial de Mapudungun (Alternativas Gratuitas)
Para material específico de la asignatura Lengua y Cultura de los Pueblos Originarios, el Mineduc ofrece recursos descargables y listos para fotocopiar:
Programa de Estudio Mapuzugun 5.º Básico: Contiene ejemplos de actividades, evaluaciones y sugerencias didácticas oficiales. Cuaderno de Lectoescritura Mapuche (CONADI):
Un recurso diseñado específicamente para niños que incluye ejercicios de escritura y vocabulario básico. Biblioteca Digital Mineduc: Puedes descargar el texto " Mapuzugun Kimelkawe Ñi Chillkageal " que sirve como base para las clases de 5.º básico.
¿Estás buscando una unidad temática en particular (como saludos o leyendas) o necesitas el solucionario de alguna ficha de SM?
Para estudiantes mapuche-hablantes o con conocimientos previos, el material ofrece extensiones. Por ejemplo, mientras el resto del curso escribe los nombres de los animales, el alumno avanzado debe escribir una oración simple: "El ngürü corre por el monte" alternando ambos idiomas.