Q2. "International Law is not true law but a positive international morality." Discuss this statement with reference to the views of John Austin and the counter-arguments presented by other jurists. (20 marks) Hints: Discuss Austin’s command theory, the deficiency of a sovereign enforcer, and counter-views by Holland, Hall, and Oppenheim regarding the binding nature of International Law.
Q3. Define 'Sources of International Law'. Critically analyze Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. (20 marks) Hints: Discuss Treaties, Customary International Law, General Principles of Law, Judicial Decisions, and Teachings of the most highly qualified publicists. Explain the hierarchy and the role of soft law.
Q4. Discuss the various theories regarding the relationship between International Law and Municipal Law. How do the courts in India apply International Law? (20 marks) Hints: Discuss the Monistic and Dualistic theories. Reference Article 51(c) of the Indian Constitution and the Supreme Court judgment in Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan regarding the incorporation of CEDAW. International Law By H.o. Agarwal Pdf Free Download
Q5. Explain the concept of 'State Succession'. What happens to the treaty rights and obligations of a predecessor state when a new state comes into existence? (20 marks) Hints: Define State Succession. Discuss Universal Succession, Partial Succession, and the Clean Slate Theory. Reference the Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of Treaties (1978).
Q6. Elaborate on the 'Extradition' of criminals in International Law. What are the essential principles governing extradition? Discuss the position of political offenders. (20 marks) Hints: Define Extradition. Explain principles like Double Criminality, Speciality, and Reciprocity. Discuss the exception of political crimes and the concept of "Terrorism vs. Political Offense". If you are enrolled in any law college
Q7. Discuss the powers and functions of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) in the maintenance of international peace and security. (20 marks) Hints: Discuss the composition of the UNSC. Explain Chapter VII of the UN Charter (Action with respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression). Discuss the Veto power and collective security.
Q8. Write a detailed note on the concept of 'Human Rights' under International Law. Evaluate the role of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenants. (20 marks) Hints: Trace the history from the UN Charter to the UDHR (1948). Discuss ICCPR and ICESCR. Explain the role of the Human Rights Council and the concept of the responsibility to protect (R2P). A: As of 2025, the 9th or 10th edition is current
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The specific query about downloading "International Law" by H.O. Agarwal in PDF format for free touches on several issues:
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A: As of 2025, the 9th or 10th edition is current. Always verify on the publisher’s website. Pirated copies typically offer 5th or 6th edition.